Issue 2 2024 Magazine THE NEW CMC 500: SIMPLY REVOLUTIONARY.
OMICRON electronics GmbH, Oberes Ried 1, 6833 Klaus (AT) OMICRON electronics GmbH up! consulting, Industriering 10, 9491 Ruggell (FL) OMICRON electronics GmbH, iStock.com (p. 5, 14–15, 24–25, 31–38, 40, 43–48), Shutterstock (p. 11, 22–23), Schweitzer Engineering Laboratories (p. 15–17), Siemens Energy (p. 28), Hikari Trading Co., Ltd. (p. 30), Glitre Nett (p. 32–33), Adobe Stock (p. 42–43) magazine@omicronenergy.com Publisher Responsible for content Editorial team and implementation Picture credits E-mail to the editorial team DEAR READERS, At OMICRON, pushing the boundaries of technical feasibility to deliver topnotch value to our customers with our innovative solutions is part of our DNA. In the latest edition of the OMICRON Magazine, we’re excited to introduce the newest member of the OMICRON product family: the CMC 500. This test set is lighter and more compact and significantly outperforms our flagship CMC models, offering cutting-edge features and setting a new benchmark in protection testing. As the CMC 500 Product Manager, I’m eager to share my insights into the comprehensive and challenging process behind this engineering masterpiece. We’ve developed new analog output modules with unprecedented capabilities, significantly enhancing the versatility of this test set. We’ve implemented extensive cybersecurity measures to ensure top-tier performance alongside simplified workflows and enhanced user safety features. If you’d like to learn more, turn to our cover story on page 6, “Simply revolutionary. Revolutionarily simple,” where you’ll discover how our dedicated team crafted this innovative test set from the ground up. This edition also delves into the PARADIMO 100, our cutting-edge solution for ultra-high-frequency partial discharge (PD) monitoring in GIS and GIL systems. Imagine a world where potential electrical insulation failures are detected early, ensuring the safety and reliability of your assets. With smart edge computing capabilities, it continuously monitors PD activity, automatically detects and classifies insulation defects, and provides instant alerts. Explore this comprehensive article on page 18 to see how PARADIMO 100 can transform your approach to PD monitoring. As we investigate advancements in PD monitoring, we also turn our attention to vital infrastructure security. In the heart of Norway, Glitre Nett’s engineers faced an enormous challenge: defending their infrastructure against complex cyber threats. 2
Magazine | Issue 2 2024 Stephan Geiger «We pushed the CMC 500 to the limits of what is technically feasible.» Our StationGuard intrusion detection system (IDS) proved its mettle, detecting every simulated attack with precision. Learn the gripping details of this real-world test and discover how innovation is shaping a secure future on page 32. The stories in this edition reveal how OMICRON is not just keeping pace with the industry but driving it forward, and I hope you find them inspiring. Yours sincerely, Stephan Geiger CMC 500 Product Manager and Product Management Lead, OMICRON 3
TABLE OF CONTENTS 14 Love at first sight Why a protection expert can no longer do without RelaySimTest 22 CMCheck RE A tool for granting grid access to photovoltaic installations 28 CPC 100 – A valuable training tool for SIEMENS Energy 24 Managing complexity, recognizing relevance Firmware updates for a secure and reliable energy supply 18 Meet PARADIMO 100 Our ultra-high-frequency partial discharge monitoring solution for GIS and GIL 6 Simply revolutionary. Revolutionarily simple. 30 On site: OMICRON in Japan Teruyuki Harada from Hikari Trading Co., Ltd. shares his insights into the power sector with us. 11 CMC SWIFT + CPOL3 Achieve maximum efficiency and flexibility with our wiring tests 12 United in power quality FRANEO PQlyzer – Our new instrument transformer solution for power quality applications 4
Magazine | Issue 2 2024 KNOWLEDGE SUPPORT INNOVATION QUALITY 42 Say farewell to the time- consuming search for circuit breaker reference data Welcome to the Circuit Breaker Testing Library (CBTL)! Our field-proven circuit breaker testing library provides you with reference values at the touch of a button 32 Preparing for cyber attacks How Glitre Nett found the right intrusion detection system for their networks 46 No protection testing, no kick-off The importance of testing interconnection relays 49 StationScout navigates new waters Support for IEC 104 RTU / Gateway testing 50 Celebrating 40 years of OMICRON Four decades of innovation and customer loyalty 44 Life vests for test sets? Why we’re constantly thinking about improving safety measures 38 Generative Artificial Intelligence in the power industry An exploration of generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) and how it can enhance our work and the power grid’s efficiency Hello, I am Casper 5
Introducing the CMC 500, the latest modular test set from OMICRON that elevates protection testing to a whole new level. Our development team invested extensive time, energy, and effort into designing the CMC 500 with one goal in mind: to ease the burden of utilities, service providers, and industrial companies. Now let’s take you behind the scenes to explore the design process with the R&D team. Stephan, OMICRON is setting a new benchmark in protection testing with the CMC 500. How were you able to accomplish this? Our goal was to build on the success of our highly popular CMC 356 protection relay test set, so we started by engaging directly with utilities and service providers. With over 15,000 CMC 356 units in use — many for over 15 years — we knew the importance of understanding the real-world challenges that our customers face during protection testing and their day-to-day operations. We asked key questions: Are the amplitudes, the number of current and voltage channels, and the output power of the CMC sufficient? What additional tasks do protection testers have beyond protection testing itself? Is there anything we could streamline or eliminate? In many discussions with our customers, SIMPLY REVOLUTIONARY, YET REVOLUTIONARILY SIMPLE. 6
Magazine | Issue 2 2024 we also explored future possibilities by thinking outside the box. The feedback we gathered was invaluable in shaping the next generation of our protection relay test set. So, what did their wish list look like? It became clear that many customers wanted an even more compact and lightweight device for field use without compromising output power. For example, when testing synchronizers, there’s a demand for six voltage outputs. Some customers requested more current outputs to test busbars protection or three-winding transformers, while others desired higher current amplitudes to test the differential characteristic of 5A relays at elevated levels or to verify the signal paths to the relay through a primary injection. Additionally, many testers wanted to know if their relay was connected to the correct current transformer core, if the latter’s transformation ratio was accurate, and if the breaker connected to the relay was tripping correctly. «The CMC 500 is the result of decades of experience of collaborating with our customers in the field, giving us a clear understanding of what the relay test set of tomorrow must achieve.» Stephan Geiger, CMC 500 Product Manager and Product Management Lead, OMICRON «It’s frustrating to drive for hours only to realize you’ve left behind a critical piece of your test equipment.» Florian Fink, Product Manager and Application Expert, OMICRON Discover all the advantages of the CMC 500: omicron.energy/new-cmc 7
«The CMC 500 is a wise financial investment for today’s testing tasks. If requirements change in the future, the device can easily be upgraded.» Christopher Pritchard, Product Management Lead, OMICRON thought into simplifying the rewiring process during testing, streamlining operations, and enhancing user safety. Another key area of concern for our customers has been cybersecurity. The requirements have increased dramatically in recent years, and unsurprisingly, much of the expertise from our cybersecurity products has been incorporated into the CMC 500. This has led to it setting a new benchmark in cybersecurity standards. Additionally, we recognized the importance of ensuring that existing test plans for Test Universe and RelaySimTest would also be compatible with the CMC 500. We made this a priority, knowing it would be crucial for our customers’ ongoing operations. How did you incorporate such extensive requirements into a single product? We designed and built the device from scratch, including entirely new current and voltage generators. I’m amazed by how much we’ve been able to pack into our convertible generator modules. Their output accuracy is exceptionally high. They’re extremely powerful with amplitudes of up to 300 V and 30 A and frequencies reaching 5 kHz, a technical achievement we take great pride in. For instance, our high-current module can output 60 A per channel, and in a singlephase setup, it can generate up to 180 A. By paralleling the outputs of all modules, we can even generate up to 450 A. We came up with an intelligent thermal concept to squeeze all these features into as small a space as possible and completely redesigned the housing. These insights made it evident that we needed to design a field-ready device that not only could test protection relays, but also had the capabilities required for testing other key assets in the protection chain — a truly versatile system. Given our customers’ diverse needs and requirements, we decided to move away from a “one-size-fits-all” approach and instead developed a platform with five different variants, each tailored to specific application areas. Beyond versatility, what other aspects were most important to the customers you spoke with? One critical issue that emerged from our discussions was user safety during testing. Customers have become more focused on complying with safety standards, such as EN 50191 in Europe, which outlines the requirements for constructing and operating both fixed and temporary electrical test installations. In response, we’ve put significant 8
Magazine | Issue 2 2024 «Whenever several groups are working in a substation, ensuring the safety of the testing personnel and everyone else on site is critical.» Marcus Stenner, Application Expert, OMICRON We racked our brains to develop a test set that could enhance our customers’ ease of use while maximizing user safety. All the terminals are located on the front, reducing tripping hazards, and we implemented a multi-stage safety system to minimize electrical risks. This includes an INTERLOCK key, an operating mode button and – coming soon – an external emergency switching off button with clearly visible signal lights. Packing such a powerful and versatile system into a compact, lightweight product was no small task for our developers. However, with many years of experience, including the development of the CMC 356, the team was more than up to the challenge. How did you oversee such a complex and wide-ranging development program? The project certainly was highly complex and required the seamless cooperation of everyone involved — from the developers of the electronic assemblies and mechanical engineers to representatives from various 9
disciplines, including purchasing, manufacturing, production, test equipment, embedded software, client software, and product management. To handle this complexity, we enhanced our project management approach by adopting agile methods, that were primarily used in software development. This ensured team coordination was as efficient as possible. This high level of collaboration was extremely important when it came to cybersecurity. During our conversations, it became clear that many customers would eventually operate both conventional and digital installations side-by-side. A future-proof test solution is one that reliably supports emerging digital technologies. Therefore, we knew we had to consider the implications of cybersecurity from the very beginning. After all, Cybersecurity by Design goes beyond implementing safeguards into hardware and software; it also influences the allocation of responsibilities, internal workflows, and approval processes. Fortunately, cybersecurity has always been a priority for us, particularly since our customers scrutinize anything with an Ethernet port (laughs). Did everything go according to plan during development? We certainly pushed the boundaries with this project. We had to overcome several challenges to meet all the technical and functional requirements, and there were some unexpected expenses along the way. For instance, additional board revisions were needed as several components were discontinued during the COVID pandemic. However, we took the time necessary to resolve these issues because one thing was always clear to us: we wouldn’t compromise our standards of quality and reliability. Our goal was to set a new industry benchmark with the CMC 500, and I’m proud to say that we achieved everything we set out to accomplish. Thank you for speaking with us. «A tall iron gate beside a small hedge is useless. It’s always the weakest link in the chain that defines the level of cybersecurity.» Cristian Marinescu, Embedded Software Development Lead, OMICRON «The CMC 500 stretched us to the limits of what is technically feasible.» Stephan Geiger, CMC 500 Product Manager and Product Management Lead, OMICRON Read more about the versatility, work security, cyber security and future security of the CMC 500: omicron.energy/cmc-story 10
Magazine | Issue 2 2024 Using CMC Swift, you can quickly control your CMC test sets remotely from your smartphone without sacrificing your freedom of movement. The latest version of CMC Swift enhances your workflows, especially when performing wiring tests, with our new handheld device for testing polarity and wiring: CPOL3. Time-saving combination for wiring tests CMC Swift lets you remotely use your test set’s voltage or current outputs to produce a DC-free saw-tooth signal for wiring tests. This waveform prevents unwanted magnetization of the energy transducer. The three-phase polarity check is also supported with CPOL3, enabling simultaneous polarity checks and phase identification. The result is fewer test steps with improved test quality and efficiency. CMC Swift for remotely controlling a CMC test set CPOL3 features a high-contrast OLED display that is readable from any angle and can detect polarity test signals with a saw-tooth waveform, as well as DC and AC signals. It also measures voltage levels (real RMS), enabling simultaneous polarity checks and burden measurements. An „oscilloscope“ mode displays the measured signal waveform, providing greater insight into errors. A low input impedance mode (LoZ) is also available for situations where coupled signals interfere with the measurement. Wiring and polarity checks with CPOL3 CPOL3 allows you to perform a wide range of testing tasks with greater efficiency and convenience. For more details about CMC Swift and CPOL3, visit on our website: omicronenergy.com/cpol3 DOWNLOAD NOW Try CMC Swift now and leave your laptop behind for easier checks in the future: omicronenergy.com/ cmcswift CMC SWIFT + CPOL3 Achieve maximum efficiency and flexibility with our wiring tests LISTEN TO THE PODCAST Interested in this topic? Then check out our podcast episode CMC Swift: Developing a mobile test app for CMC test sets“. Scan the QR code or visit: omicron.energy/episode64 11
UNITED IN POWER QUALITY FRANEO PQlyzer – Our new instrument transformer solution for power quality applications One of the secrets of a happy marriage is sharing common interests and complementing each other in meaningful ways. The FRANEO 800 main device and the EIC1 accessory, combined with the new FRANEO PQlyzer Instrument Transformers’ software, is a partnership that does just that. This new combination is the perfect match for wideband accuracy instrument transformer measurements for power quality applications. So, now it’s time for us to celebrate this pair in style with “something old, something new, something borrowed, and something blue”! A true partnership In a world rapidly approaching renewable energy generation, precise power quality measurements are key. Instrument transformers (ITs) play a vital role in the power quality measurement chain. The wideband ratio and phase accuracy of these ITs need to be evaluated across their entire frequency range. That’s where the solid partnership our new FRANEO PQlyzer offers truly shines. The FRANEO 800 is well-known, or “something old”. It’s the industry standard for ensuring power transformer windings’ mechanical and electrical integrity. Its sweep frequency response analysis (SFRA) is a testament to its reliability and a cornerstone of transformer diagnostics. On the other hand, the Electronic Impedance Converter EIC1 and the FRANEO PQlyzer software are “something new”, that bring wideband ratio measurements for instrument transformers to the table. It extends the capabilities of instrument transformer testing with dedicated software that streamlines workflows. Comprehensive reporting capabilities for detailed test reports solidifies the partnership between the old and the new. Together, these two products form a union that’s much more than a marriage of convenience. It’s a bond that promises a future with guaranteed precision and reliability. Sharing is caring Our shared knowledge, is “something borrowed”. It’s the foundation of our partnerships. We bring decades of expertise to the table, ensuring that the solutions we provide are effective «By ensuring the accuracy of your power quality data, provided by the instrument transformers, you can make informed decisions for optimizing grid performance, maximizing asset life, and enhancing overall power system reliability.» 12
Magazine | Issue 2 2024 and imbued with years of industry leadership wisdom. Why are instrument transformer wideband accuracy measurements important? Because the impact their ratio or phase accuracy has on the harmonic frequency range can be significant. Distorted data received by power quality measurement devices can lead to: › Misinterpretation of power quality events › Ineffective implementation of corrective actions based on faulty data › Increased risk of equipment damage due to undetected power quality issues “Something blue” refers to the signature blue color of our Devices. However, the FRANEO 800 PQlyzer product is more than a tool; it’s a statement for testing instrument transformers’ wideband accuracy. A statement that says, “We care about the future of your assets, and you’re getting more than a measurement; you’re getting quality assurance that meets the new wideband classes introduced by the IEC 61869 standard’s 2.0 Edition.” A union for the future As we look to the future, the union between the FRANEO 800 and EIC1 represents a new chapter in electrical testing, a chapter where the old and the new come together to create something extraordinary. The FRANEO PQlyzer combines advanced hardware and user-friendly software, empowering you to perform comprehensive wideband tests on your instrument transformers. By ensuring the accuracy of your power quality data, provided by the instrument transformers, you can make informed decisions for optimizing grid performance, maximizing asset life, and enhancing overall power system reliability. Join us is in celebrating this perfect combination by embarking on a journey towards a future where precision is not simply a goal but a reality. Watch the video about FRANEO PQlyzer: youtu.be/8UU1WIY52cgg LEARN MORE You can find more information about this new product here: omicronenergy.com/eic1 13
LOVE AT FIRST SIGHT Why a protection expert can no longer do without RelaySimTest Time flies: This year, the RelaySimTest simulation software is celebrating its 10th anniversary! Ronald Jogaib has been a devoted fan from the very beginning. In Brazil, he used RelaySimTest to test the behavior of protection systems in transmission grids and to determine the optimal dimensioning of protection components. Today, he is on the other side of the world, evaluating the capabilities of modern protection relays in Australia. There was no question about choosing the perfect software solution for that particular task. Ronald, you have been using RelaySimTest for a long time and never tire of emphasizing how much you like the software. Why is that? Ronald Jogaib: RelaySimTest allows you to examine complete protection systems in greater depth. It adds influences that are present in a real system to the test, which is the most important aspect of protection testing for me. Recreating complex, realistic scenarios helps me understand the protection system’s behavior in detail. With this software, I can easily test how individual protection functions or entire protection devices behave under difficult conditions: with current transformer saturation, with inrush currents when a transformer is energized, in the event of fault currents with varying resistance at the fault location, or with power swings. In my opinion, many problems in the protection system simply cannot be detected with static, parameter-based tests. There are still many people responsible for protection who only test protection in the “traditional way”. I believe this approach requires some 14
Magazine | Issue 2 2024 rethinking. Of course, it is important to monitor relay characteristics. However, I have found that incorrect protection actions cause most shutdowns due to problems with the settings, logic, or equipment dimensioning. Can you think of an example of this? I remember that a circuit breaker tripped when a transformer was energized, even though a fault had not occurred. With RelaySimTest, we could see that DC components on two phases caused a current transformer to saturate when the shunt reactor was energized. Thanks to the simulation, we recognized that the CT used was dimensioned too small and did not transfer the current correctly during the energization process. Image 1: Exactly as predicted: The simulation of a shunt reactor energization demonstrates the precision of RelaySimTest. On the top, the currents of the saturating current transformer are calculated with RelaySimTest. The real fault recording of the relay is on the bottom for comparison. «If the software is not intuitive, it definitely was not made by OMICRON. I love its ease of use.» Ronald Jogaib, Application Engineer – Protection, Schweitzer Engineering Laboratories 15
We then simulated other real faults that had occurred in the past and compared the calculated values with the real ones. It was really amazing how precisely the voltages and currents from the simulation matched the real circumstances (image 1 on page 15). That’s why we started using RelaySimTest to dimension our current transformers correctly. Another example I recall is obtaining the best philosophy to protect an autotransformer bank. The software’s ability to simulate internal faults in an autotransformer clearly demonstrates the different results between sensitive earth fault protection and transformer differential protection according to the ampere-turn balance or Kirchhoff’s principle. This enabled me to adapt my protection concept to my transformer bank. Finally, I have fond memories of using RelaySimTest with the Digital Twin during a commission application. Our utility’s busbar protection received a new line transmission, and I was able to test this new bay completely from home – in my pajamas! (laughs) I then sent out the new settings of the tested relay. This allowed the commissioning team on site to be sure that the relay settings and logic were correctly defined, allowing them to turn their focus to the cable connections. You can actually use the software to determine the entire current and voltage behavior without purchasing a license. This means that RelaySimTest can also be used as an effective offline tool to explain unique processes in the protection system. For example, I showed my teammates the phase shift of a transformer with a deltawye winding and the effect of infeed and outfeed for external short circuits in line transmissions. So, I can only encourage all those responsible for protection to download the software and use it! Were you able to understand the software right away? Modern protection systems can become quite complex, with numerous influencing variables and interactions – especially with the growing number of regenerative feeders in the grid. I would say RelaySimTest is an easy-tounderstand solution for a very complex topic. I love the simplicity of the software. I didn’t need any training and could teach myself everything I know. I sent a few final questions to OMICRON and got an answer immediately. That was it. I’ve had different experiences with other software solutions in the past: Even after two days of training, it was so complicated and confusing to enter data, start a simulation or close a circuit breaker that I lost interest. I also paid for the training with my own money, making it doubly frustrating. To be honest, in day-to-day life you often don’t have time to deal with different software solutions in detail. You have to be able to use these tools properly in a short window of time. Fortunately, this is the case with Image 2: When he was in Brazil, the self-described devoted fan hung the RelaySimTest poster on his wall. RelaySimTest also helps him keep track of things in his new home country of Australia. 16
Magazine | Issue 2 2024 Image 3: Ronald Jogaib uses RelaySimTest to demonstrate to his customers the correct behavior of SEL protective devices in case of a fault. OMICRON. In other words: If the software is not intuitive, it definitely was not made by OMICRON. What I also find fascinating about RelaySimTest is that normally, protection engineers find it difficult to provide all the necessary data for test software so it can realistically simulate the processes in transient systems. This is where the OMICRON test solution is truly unique: Just a few parameters, which can usually even be taken from the nameplate, are enough to produce an excellent simulation that comes very, very close to reality. That’s why when it comes to RelaySimTest, there’s no alternative for me. In my opinion, a comparable solution in today’s market doesn’t exist. Today, as an application engineer with a relay manufacturer, you deal with different topics than before. Why have you remained loyal to the software? Yes, I have a different job. However, RelaySimTest is also a significant benefit to us as a manufacturer. I use a system simulation for our customers to demonstrate how our protection devices behave during faults in IEC 61580 environments. For example, if saturation is present (image 3). Or I show them how a communication failure in which the merging unit no longer sends Sampled Values streams does not immediately lead to protection tripping. Furthermore, the protection device does not block anything, and it reliably detects a fault and triggers protection when communication is restored. This is very reassuring for our customers. During some customer presentations, I was so enthusiastic that I was even asked whether I wanted to sell the relay or the software (laughs). And I also find the way you’re able to handle these simulations to be amazing. For example, when I output test signals via GOOSE and Sampled Values, I can simply change the data streams of the CMCs by graphically opening or closing circuit breakers. It’s not necessary to manually adjust individual bits in the data streams. It’s simply fun to work with OMICRON. I don’t just mean the hardware and software. The support provided by the experts really adds exceptional value to my work in addition to their excellent testing solution. This of course has to do with personal relationships and trust. What changed after you moved to another continent? The country and the company may have changed, but the cooperation I receive from OMICRON is still fantastic. They always strive to maintain a deep customer relationship. You can feel that, and it’s great. If I need help with a situation, I e-mail the support team and quickly receive a thorough answer. Or, I simply call them and we talk about the issue directly. It’s the same here in Australia as it used to be in Brazil. With surgical precision, the OMICRON specialists have supported me through challenging situations with the Sampled Values configuration and synchronization I was responsible for during setup. I was even able to contact the support team during the Easter holidays. An OMICRON colleague I was in regular contact with in South America, still supports me today with solid explanations from the other side of the world. These are the real highlights for me. Thank you very much for the interview! Thanks for allowing me to talk about this fantastic software that’s helping to elevate the knowledge of protection engineers. 17
Partial discharge (PD) activity in Gas-Insulated Switchgear (GIS) and Gas-Insulated Lines (GIL) is a critical warning sign of a potential catastrophic failure in the electrical insulation. Immediate action is required to prevent such failures. Sensitive PD diagnostics can detect typical insulation defects, such as free metallic particles, particles on insulation, sharp protrusions on high-voltage electrodes, or loose GIS/GIL parts. According to the CIGRE Technical Brochure 654, continuous PD monitoring in the ultra-high frequency (UHF) range for GIS/GIL ensures the detection and interpretation of signals from incipient PD defects. MEET PARADIMO 100 Our ultra-high-frequency partial discharge monitoring solution for GIS and GIL The trend overview of recorded PD activity shows PD signal levels over specific time periods (year, month, day, hour). 18
Magazine | Issue 2 2024 This allows asset managers to take prompt and appropriate actions to prevent equipment malfunctions. A complete monitoring solution for GIS/GIL PARADIMO 100 is our new smart edge computing device that continuously monitors PD activity in GIS and GIL. It automatically detects and classifies the type of insulation defect in your assets and generates alerts for reliable risk assessment. PARADIMO 100 simultaneously monitors PD activity across ultra-high frequency (UHF) ranges using pre-installed sensors in GIS and GIL systems. Wideband and medium-band UHF filters ensure optimal signal-to-noise ratios, providing greater measurement sensitivity and reliable assessments in noisy environments. Remote data access A convenient web user interface allows easy network access from a PC or tablet computer for remotely configuring DID YOU KNOW? CIGRE’s Technical Brochures 654 and 933 recommend using UHF sensitivity checks, PD signal attenuation measurements, and profile evaluations to set the optimum signal amplitude threshold value for UHF sensors. These criteria help define the PD monitoring system’s response when threshold levels are exceeded. Additionally, accurate and reliable automated algorithms for PD defect-type recognition algorithms are essential to minimize false alarms and detect critical defects. PARADIMO 100 meets these requirements effectively. Additionally, the technical brochures recommend combining UHF PD measurements with monitoring to detect and identify developing faults early, thereby preventing failures in GIS. We offer our UHF 800 system for UHF PD measurements, which is ideal for routine factory testing, on-site commissioning, and periodic in-service measurements. For continuous UHF PD monitoring, we provide the PARADIMO 100. Please contact us for more information. 19
measurement and alert settings, as well as viewing real-time PD data and recorded trends. Monitor specific sections or entire GIS/GIL systems PARADIMO 100 devices can easily be relocated to monitor PD activity in different areas of your GIS or GIL. Multiple PARADIMO 100 devices can also be connected in series via a fiber-optic network. This setup enables multiple monitoring points, facilitates PD activity trending, and automatically classifies defect types for reliable risk assessment of your entire GIS or GIL. PARADIMO 100 key benefits: › Peace of Mind – Receive automatic alerts and reliable defect classification to assess risks and avoid potential failures. › Minimal Operator Intervention – The system records, saves, and automatically evaluates the monitoring data, generating alerts when predefined limits are exceeded. › Convenient Web User Interface – No additional software is needed on a PC or tablet. The Web interface provides easy access for configuring settings, viewing real-time PD data and reviewing recorded trends. › Built-in PD Expertise – You don’t need to be a PD expert to interpret the results. The system detects and automatically classifies all PD-related defects, ensuring accurate risk assessment. More information at omicronenergy.com/paradimo100 LISTEN TO THE PODCAST Interested in this topic? In Episode 76 of our Energy Talks podcast series, partial discharge (PD) expert Caspar Steineke explores the advantages of PD monitoring for GIS and GIL and explains how PARADIMO 100 ensures reliable insulation defect detection and risk assessment. Scan the QR-Code or visit: omicron.energy/episode76 20
Magazine | Issue 2 2024 Partial discharge (PD) is both a predominant cause and a reliable indicator of insulation defect development in electrical equipment, which can eventually lead to failure. Learn more about PD in our six-part video series, Essentials of Partial Discharge Testing (available in English). This informative video series highlights various aspects of PD testing on mediumvoltage and high-voltage electrical equipment. Caspar Steineke, PD expert and co-developer of our MPD PD testing technology, presents each video and covers topics such as the importance of PD testing, when and how it is performed, how to overcome the effects of external noise during PD measurements, and how to analyze and interpret PD data to prevent insulation failure and costly electrical equipment outages. Lastly, Caspar presents the benefits of using our MPD 800 for complete and reliable PD testing. Learn about the essentials of PD testing Scan the QR code and watch all six videos. › Video 1: The Importance of PD Testing › Video 2: When to Measure PD › Video 3: How to Measure PD › Video 4: Minimizing External Noise › Video 5: Analyzing PD Data › Video 6: Discover MPD 800 for PD Testing omicron.energy/essentials-pd WATCH OUR VIDEOS AND LEARN ABOUT PARTIAL DISCHARGE TESTING 21
CMCheck RE A tool for granting grid access to photovoltaic installations An industry in transition Renewable energy has been growing at a remarkable rate in recent years. However, there’s still a lot of untapped potential in this sector. To further accelerate growth, we need to address several challenges, including grid access, bureaucratic hurdles, and a shortage of skilled labor. The impressive growth of renewable energies is largely due to companies specializing in installing renewable power plants and systems, and connecting them to the public grid. With a constant influx of orders and new projects, there’s an increasing need for highly skilled personnel and effective testing solutions to meet this demand. Technician testing a photovoltaic installation 22
Magazine | Issue 2 2024 Fully equipped for the future Given the rapidly evolving nature of the renewable energy sector, it’s crucial to be prepared for any scenario. New testing requirements may emerge, or a company’s range of services may expand as it grows. The CMC 310 is designed to cover all these possibilities. If needed, it can be upgraded to the CMC 353 and used with Test Universe software for additional functions, such as Q-V protection, overcurrent protection, or distance protection. Find out more about CMCheck RE and renewables by scanning the QR-code or visiting: omicron.energy/lom-protection CMCheck RE lightens the load Minimal training: No special training is needed to use CMCheck RE. Technicians can quickly learn how to use the test software with our free application videos, offering flexibility for training new staff or refreshing existing skills. Intuitive and easy to use: The CMCheck RE user interface is designed to align with the test procedures’ sequence, using terminology familiar to field technicians. This makes the software easy to use, even for occasional users. Targeted and effective: Preselectable test templates for all relevant connection standards ensure that necessary values are recorded and reduce manual configuration. Clear test reports are also generated, focusing solely on the information required for certification. Simple, quick, and costefficient: The CMCheck RE test software delivers the exact functions needed to test grid access for renewable energy sources. It pairs seamlessly with the affordable CMC 310 test set, renowned for its portability and ease of use. 23
Many of us have mixed feelings when we receive a notification that a firmware update is available for our smartphone. We might be unsure if we’ll get used to the update, whether everything will work, and whether we can still access all our data. At the same time, we expect better security and look forward to improvements, as firmware updates are also intended to fix known security vulnerabilities and protect sensitive data. Challenges, legal requirements, and the future of cybersecurity Firmware updates are also relevant for secondary systems when it comes to tackling one of the biggest challenges of all–protecting against cyberattacks. Authorities and industry associations have realized this and responded by issuing various rules, guidelines, and recommendations for action to identify potential threats, assess risks, and promptly fix any loopholes. Examples of German and international legislation and guidelines: › NIS2 › ITSIG 2.0 › ISO/IEC 27001 and 27019 › IEC 62443 › BSI Standard 200-3 › IT security catalogs in accordance with Article 11 Para. 1a/b EnWG (Energy Industry Act) This legislation addresses all aspects of IT, OT, and installation security, guaranteeing optimum security and ensuring the grid can operate without interruption. Some legislation centers on individual measures such as firmware updates. We also expect to see more specific and detailed provisions that may result from the EU’s response to NIS2 requirements, which will go into effect at the end of 2024. MANAGING COMPLEXITY, RECOGNIZING RELEVANCE Firmware updates for a secure and reliable energy supply Firmware has a decisive influence on the functionality of devices in secondary technology. It serves as the interface between hardware and software, enabling the control, management, and interaction of highly complex components. 24
Magazine | Issue 2 2024 Firmware updates: Delivering security and functionality with a comprehensive approach From a legislative perspective, the primary aspects of firmware updates are a reliable power supply and protection against cyberattacks. There are many reasons why it is essential to keep firmware up to date: Security: Security patches are used to close security loopholes that have been identified. Troubleshooting: Software errors or functional problems in earlier versions are fixed. More functionality: Updates enhance or optimize features in line with current market and customer requirements. Interoperability: Updates may be necessary to ensure communication and interoperability between different network devices. Risk assessments, approval processes, and comprehensive testing Various factors will determine if a firmware update needs to be carried out on a larger scale. First, power supply facility operators have to consider whether or not a new firmware release will require action on their part. Asset inventory solutions such as ADMO can help by providing a fast and comprehensive overview of all the firmware versions being used by individual IEDs. Following that, a multi-stage risk assessment, or risk analysis, is needed to assess the likelihood of firmware defects and the potential damage they could cause. The approval and rollout process also plays a significant role in the overall assessment. During the approval process, it’s critical to decide if it’s necessary to carry out comprehensive approval testing prior to the rollout. Updates can potentially create new risks after they’re carried out if the substation or individual devices are not 25
functioning correctly. This is why many operators carry out extensive approval testing ahead of time to verify functionality. These tests require a lot of time and expertise and typically consist of iterative processes such as laboratory tests, field tests, individual tests or site acceptance tests (SAT). Currently, general standards or guidelines for this type of testing have yet to be created. So naturally, the question of which tests need to be carried out and at what scale arises. The following approach has become an industry standard: 1. Troubleshooting tests These tests ensure that the update will fix all errors as planned. 2. Data integrity tests Checks the integrity of the saved data and settings to rule out damage to the data or changes in the data model. 3. Functionality tests (algorithm) Verify that all device functions are working correctly. Testing is performed on essential and unique functions, such as logical links, that enhance the functionality of protection devices. 4. Compatibility and interoperability tests Ensure that the firmware is compatible with all hardware and software components it is meant to interact with. 5. Regression tests Check if the update unintentionally impacts other parts of the firmware. Protection devices often have multiple firmware versions for different areas, such as the algorithm and communication, which must work together. 6. Communication tests Test communication interfaces to verify proper connectivity with other devices in the network, such as SCADA systems or IEDs. 7. Performance tests Check whether the update has led to changes in device behavior related to signal processing and reaction time. 8. Cybersecurity tests Runs security checks on the firmware to rule out new vulnerabilities. This may consist of penetration tests on known vulnerabilities. Many operators may be unable to carry out these extensive tests, and if updates occur infrequently, it can become problematic. «Tools such as ADMO help maintain an overview of devices and firmware while speeding up risk analyses. Substation owners and operators also need to understand the significance of firmware updates and take a proactive approach to the challenges they pose.» 26
Magazine | Issue 2 2024 Outsourcing approval testing in one of the early stages, such as laboratory testing, might be one way of addressing a lack of resources. Taking this approach could also have a positive influence on the risk assessments of power supply facility operators, who currently avoid approval testing. Power supply facility operators can support one another by making their testing insights and assessment processes available to other operators. However, approval testing should be carried out according to guidelines or by certified test centers to ensure corresponding quality standards. We are here to support you Thorough, systematic testing is essential for ensuring new firmware is secure and error-free. An automated test system can accelerate and standardize the entire process. We are here to support you with testing solutions, methods, and asset inventory tools for approval tests on new firmware. One thing is certain: firmware updates are a vital component for guaranteeing the reliability and security of our energy supply. Multiple challenges are involved in firmware updates, ranging from network security to complying with legal provisions. Comprehensive testing prior to implementation is a must. This guarantees functionality and reliability and prevents new vulnerabilities from being introduced. Utilities need adequate resources to do this, and outsourcing approval testing can reduce their resource demands. Tools such as ADMO help maintain an overview of devices and firmware while speeding up risk analyses. Substation owners and operators also need to understand the significance of firmware updates and take a proactive approach to the challenges they pose. This is the only way they can ensure the secure and uninterrupted operation of their infrastructure. 27
Magazine | Issue 2 2024 “OMICRON has been supplying measurement equipment to both Siemens and Siemens Energy for many years for the commissioning of our equipment,” says Stefan Boetticher, who has overseen the SIEMENS Energy Training Center in Berlin, Germany, for several years. Siemens Energy has operated its Berlin training center for over 40 years, providing certified technical training on the assembly, commissioning, and maintenance of its gas-insulated switchgear (GIS) and air-insulated switchgear (AIS) to customers and internal colleagues. “We consider OMICRON’s CPC 100 multi-functional testing device to be a valuable tool for hands-on training,” says Stefan. “We use it to instruct our course attendees to perform diagnostic tests on voltage and current transformers and low-power instrument transformers in GIS.” If you’re a SIEMENS Energy GIS or AIS customer, be sure to contact them to register for a training course at their Berlin Training Center to gain experience with our CPC 100 multi-functional testing device. Technical Customer Training omicron.energy/siemens-training «We’re very satisfied with the CPC 100. The device is reliable, easy to operate, and its instructions are understandable.» Stefan Boetticher, Head of Training, SIEMENS Energy Training Center, Berlin CPC 100 – A VALUABLE TRAINING TOOL FOR SIEMENS ENERGY 28
Safety at new heights Whether you’re heading off on an adventure or carrying out tests in a substation, reliable safety measures protect us against serious accidents in our daily lives. The CMC 500 takes your safety to a new level. Sophisticated functions and workflows prevent potential electrical accidents and signal impending dangers. Discover the new safety functions of the CMC 500 and easily satisfy international standards for safe test setups. omicron.energy/new-cmc
Hikari Trading Co., Ltd. is an electrical safety equipment manufacturer founded in 1949. They specialize in developing and supplying ground fault protection relays and insulation level monitoring devices. They also handle a wide range of products from leading domestic and international manufacturers, including OMICRON. Hikari Trading Co., Ltd. is committed to developing new technologies and products that contribute to creating a safe and comfortable electrical society. How is the energy grid structured? Teruyuki Harada: Historically, Japan’s transmission and distribution network has been developed based on power companies’ supply areas, with different electrical frequencies between Western and Eastern Japan. The Eastern side of Japan uses 50 Hz, while the Western side uses 60 Hz. Given these circumstances, transmitting electricity and facilitating the power interchange between regions within the country is challenging. Until electricity retailing was fully liberated in 2016, power sales were monopolized by ten major power companies in their respective regions. What resources are being used to generate power? In Japan, domestic power generation is dominated by fossil fuel-based generation, commonly known as thermal power generation, accounting for over 70% of total generated power. This is followed by solar power (9.2%), hydropower (7.6%), nuclear power (5.6%), biomass (3.7%), wind power (0.9%), and geothermal power (0.3%). The electricity generated from renewable energy in Japan is less than 30%, and it still relies heavily on fossil fuels. Compared to other major countries, Japan is lagging and needs to increase the amount of electricity supplied by renewable energy. What are the current hot topics in the energy supply market? The international IEC 61850 standard is one of the current hot topics in the Japanese energy supply market. Product sales related to IEC 61850 have grown rapidly in Japan Teruyuki Harada, Director, Overseas Sales Division, Hikari www.hikari-gr.co.jp/products/ foreign/omicron.html ON SITE: OMICRON IN JAPAN Teruyuki Harada from Hikari Trading Co., Ltd. shares his insights into the power sector with us. recently. Preparations are also underway for the introduction of digital substations. In September 2023, we organized a digital substation workshop in Tokyo that was attended by power companies and manufacturers from all over Japan. What kinds of challenges are your customers facing? As I already mentioned, in Japan, approximately 70% or more of power generation relies on fossil fuels such as oil, coal, and natural gas. This highlights Japan’s dependence on foreign energy sources, and the country has increased its focus on renewable energy to address this situation. Additionally, Japan intends to achieve carbon neutrality by the year 2050. To reach this goal, Japan plans to increase its amount of renewable energy to 36–38% by the fiscal year 2030. When looking towards the future, where do you see the biggest challenges in the power sector and in general? Our biggest challenge is implementing and promoting IEC 61850. In recent years, facilities have been aging and there are many issues related to the maintenance and operation of those facilities. In addition, aging workers and a shortage of human resources in Japan are some other obstacles. In the future, we will face the challenge of introducing digital substations that can be monitored remotely in real-time without workers needing to patrol them. Thank you for the interview. 30
Magazine | Issue 2 2024 Asia Mount Fuji and Lake Kawaguchiko › Remove shoes: It’s common to take off your shoes and wear slippers indoors. › Bow: Bowing is a way to greet, thank, or show someone respect. › Don’t make phone calls on trains: Refrain from making calls on trains and set your phone to silent mode. Capital: Tokyo Inhabitants: 123,000,000 Currency: Japanese Yen (JPY) Language: Japanese National Dish: Sushi, Ramen, Tempura National Drink: Green Tea, Sake National Sport: Sumo, Baseball DOS AND DON’TS IN JAPAN ABOUT JAPAN 31
PREPARING FOR CYBER ATTACKS How Glitre Nett found the right intrusion detection system for their networks Our StationGuard Solution has been recognized for its exceptional performance in a recent attack simulation conducted by Glitre Nett, the largest electricity distribution system operator (DSO) in the south of Norway. Our intrusion detection system (IDS) excelled by detecting complex threats, highlighting its robust capabilities and effective integration in critical infrastructure environments. The devil is always in the details In the dimly lit office room, Ozan sat at his workstation, surrounded by the rhythmic hum of computer fans and the soft glow of multiple screens. The atmosphere was tense as the team sifted through the data, deciphering the recent cyber attack. Ozan’s eyes flew across the information on his screen. At the same time, he reflected on recent critical infrastructure attacks—such as the Ukrainian power grid incidents and breaches of Danish energy suppliers. These events underscored a sobering reality: attackers were becoming increasingly sophisticated, particularly with control systems. He wondered if these attackers were inexperienced individuals exploring new attack vectors, professionals seeking financial gain, or the most dangerous of all—state actors with advanced capabilities and resources. “Check this out,” Christoph called tensely. Ozan approached his colleague’s workstation. “See that? This device isn’t sending data as expected. We’ve got gaps,” Christoph scrolled through the interface of the StationGuard IDS and quickly accessed the device overview. “Here and here, and some suspicious activities.” Ozan frowned, absorbing the information. “What suspicious activities?” Christoph pointed to a series of red alert icons. “After reconnecting, it sent a Gratuitous ARP, trying to validate its IP address by broadcasting it across the network. It also attempted to connect to the DHCP server but used an automatically generated private IP address. Look at the MAC address.” “It looks like it tried to reconnect after it was disconnected.” “Exactly,” said Christoph, excited about his discovery. “I’m pretty sure we’ve got a device replacement scenario here. The device was cloned and planted, then reconnected to the network.” “They know that new IPs entering the network would trigger an alert, but if they replace a device by spoofing the IP and MAC address … many IDSs wouldn’t pick up on that.” Ozan sighed. “They needed physical access to the station. It’s not easy, but not impossible either. It’s particularly dangerous for these remote substations that are only visited once every few months. Let’s take a look at all the devices this cloned device has been in contact with and find out if anything else might be compromised.” Christoph began going through the list out loud, “An exploited remote connection, a portable device plugged in by an unsuspecting employee, and now a physical attack …Did you check the GOOSE messages?” “That’s easy,” said Ozan as he smiled, returning to his workstation. “I’d rather you check out any unauthorized HTTP messages sent to the switches.” Then he added, “I sure am curious what else Glitre Nett’s engineers have in store for us with this attack simulation.” 32
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